O Poslaniče, reci: Tražim zaštitu kod Gospodara ljudi i Njemu se utičem.
1- De ki:“Sığınırım insanların Rabbine,”
2- “İnsanların melikine,”
3- “İnsanların ilâhına,”
4- “O sinsi vesveseci (şeytanın) şerrinden,”
5- “Ki o, insanların kalplerine vesvese verip durur;”
6- “Hem cinlerden olur, hem de insanlardan.”
(Medine’de inmiştir. 6 âyettir)
Rahmân ve Rahîm Allah adı ile.
1-6. Bu sûre şeytandan insanların Rabbine, onların mutlak mâliki ve ilâhı olan zâta sığınmayı ihtivâ etmektedir.
Şeytan bütün şerlerin aslı ve kaynağıdır. Onun fitnesinin ve şerrinin bir sonucu olarak o, insanların kalplerine vesvese vermekte, kötülüğü güzel göstermekte, kötülüğü gözlerde güzel bir surette canlandırmaktadır. İnsanlarda kötülük yapma arzusu uyandırmakta, buna karşılık hayır işlemekten onları uzaklaştırmakta ve hayrı da onlara gerçek suretinden başka türlü ve çirkin göstermektedir.
O daima bu hali ile vesvese verir ve kul Rabbini andığı, onun uzak olması için Allah’tan yardım istediği vakit hemen vesvese vermekten geri çekilip siner.
O bakımdan kulun, bütün insanların Rabbi ve ilahı olan Allah’tan yardım istemesi, O’na sığınması ve O’na güvenip dayanması gerekir. Zira bütün yaratıklar Allah’ın rubûbiyeti ve mutlak malikiyetinin kapsamı içerisindedir. Her bir canlının perçemini/idaresini elinde tutan O’dur. Yine O, onları sadece kendini ilah tanımaları için yaratmıştır. Bunun gereğini yerine getirebilmeleri için onları kulluktan alıkoymak isteyen, kulluk ile aralarına girip onlara engel olmaya çalışan, cehennemliklerden olmaları için onları kendi taraftarlarının arasına katmak isteyen düşmanlarının şerrinin onlardna uzaklaştırılması gerekir. Aksi halde Allah’ın uluhiyyetinin gereğini tam anlamı ile yerine getiremezler.
Vesvese veren şeytan, cinlerden olabildiği gibi insanlardan da olabilir. Bundan dolayı:“Hem cinlerden olur, hem de insanlardan” diye buyrulmaktadır.
***
Başta da sonda da gizli ve açık bütün övgüler, âlemlerin Rabbi Allah’a aittir. Yüce Allah’tan nimetini tamamlamasını ve günahlarımızı bağışlamasını dileriz. Çünkü günahlarımız, bizimle O’nun bereketlerinin birçoğu arasında engel teşkil etmiştir. Pek çok günah ve pek çok nefsi arzu ve istek bizim kalplerimizi O’nun âyetleri üzerinde iyice tefekkür etmekten, onları iyice düşünmekten alıkoymuştur. Bizi nezdindeki hayırlardan, bizdeki kötülükler sebebi ile mahrum etmemesini ümit ederiz. Şüphesiz ki Allah’ın rahmetinden kâfirlerden başkası ümit kesmez. O’nun rahmetinden sapıklardan başkası ümitsiz olmaz.
O’nun salat ve selâmı, sonsuza dek ve kesintisiz bir şekilde Rasûlü Muhammed’e, aile halkına ve bütün ashabına olsun. Nimetleri ile salih ve iyi işlerin tamamlanabildiği Yüce Allah’a hamd-u senâlar olsun.
***
Allah’ın yardımı ve güzel tevfiki sayesinde Allah’ın Kitabının tefsiri, bu tefsiri derleyen ve yazan “İbn S’adî” diye bilinen “Abdurrahman b. Nâsır b. Abdullah” tarafından tamamlanmış bulunmaktadır. Allah, onu, ana-babasını ve bütün Müslümanları bağışlasın.
Tefsirin temize çekilmesi, 7 Şaban 1354 H.
Rabbimiz, bizden kabul buyur ve bizi affet! Şüphesiz ki sen çok mağfiret edensin, çok merhametlisin.
Say, O Messenger: “I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind and seek His protection.”
Katakanlah -wahai Rasul-, “Aku bersandar kepada Tuhan manusia dan berlindung kepada-Nya.
Ô Messager, dis: Je me prémunis par le Seigneur des gens et je cherche refuge auprès de Lui,
"Katakanlah, 'Aku berlindung kepada Rabb manusia, Raja manusia, Sembahan manusia, dari kejahatan (bisikan) setan yang biasa bersembunyi, yang membisikkan (kejahatan) ke dalam dada manusia, dari jin dan manusia'." (An-Nas: 1-6).
Madaniyah
"Dengan Menyebut Nama Allah Yang Maha Pengasih Lagi Maha Penyayang."
(1-6) Surat ini mencakup perlindungan diri kepada Rabb manusia, Penguasa dan Sesembahan mereka, dari setan yang meru-pakan pangkal dan materi dasar segala kejahatan. Di antara fitnah dan kejahatannya adalah bisikan dalam dada manusia. Keburukan dibuat seolah-olah baik untuk mereka dan diperlihatkan dalam bentuk yang indah, menggerakkan keinginan mereka agar mela-kukannya, menghalangi mereka dari kebaikan dan kebaikan di-perlihatkan pada mereka dengan wujud lain. Setan selalu berada dalam kondisi seperti itu, membisiki kemudian menunda bisikan bila manusia mengingat Rabbnya dan meminta pertolongan kepa-daNya untuk menangkal bisikan tersebut. Maka manusia selayaknya meminta pertolongan dan perlindungan serta berpegangan pada pemeliharaan Allah سبحانه وتعالى, karena semua makhluk berada di bawah Rububiyah dan kekuasaan Allah سبحانه وتعالى, semua ubun-ubun makhluk yang melata berada dalam genggaman Allah سبحانه وتعالى, dan di bawah uluhiyahNya yang menjadi tujuan penciptaan makhluk. Karena itu, tidaklah tujuan itu sempurna untuk manusia tanpa menangkal kejahatan musuh mereka yang ingin memutuskan mereka dan menghalangi mereka darinya dan ingin menjadikan mereka sebagai golongannya, agar mereka menjadi penghuni Neraka Sa'ir.
Bisikan, sebagaimana berasal dari setan juga bisa berasal dari manusia, karena itu Allah سبحانه وتعالى berfirman, ﴾ مِنَ ٱلۡجِنَّةِ وَٱلنَّاسِ ﴿ "Dari jin dan manusia."
Segala puji bagi Allah سبحانه وتعالى semata, Rabb semesta alam, secara permulaan, penutup, lahir dan batin. Kita memohon semoga Allah سبحانه وتعالى menyempurnakan nikmatNya, memaafkan dosa-dosa kita yang menghalangi kita dari berbagai berkahNya, semoga Allah سبحانه وتعالى meng-ampuni kesalahan dan keinginan hawa nafsu kita yang melenyap-kan renungan ayat-ayat Allah سبحانه وتعالى dari hati kita. Kita berharap ke-padaNya semoga tidak menghalangi kita dari kebaikan yang ada di sisiNya karena keburukan yang ada pada diri kita, karena sesungguhnya hanya kaum kafir dan orang-orang sesatlah yang berputus asa dari rahmat Allah سبحانه وتعالى. Semoga shalawat dan salam tetap terlimpahkan kepada RasulNya, Muhammad, dan kepada seluruh sahabat beliau, shalawat dan salam yang senantiasa ber-gema selama-selamanya. Dan segala puji bagi Allah سبحانه وتعالى semata, yang karena nikmatNya-lah segala kebaikan terlaksana.
Tafsir kitab Allah سبحانه وتعالى selesai berkat pertolongan dan taufikNya kepada perangkum dan penulisnya, Abdurrahman bin Nashir Ibnu Abdullah yang dikenal sebagai Ibnu Sa'di. Semoga Allah سبحانه وتعالى ber-kenan mengampuni beliau, orang tua beliau, dan seluruh kaum Muslimin.
Penulisan berhasil diselesaikan pada 7 Sya'ban 1345 H.[153]
Wahai Rabb kami! Terimalah amal kami dan ampunilah kami, karena sesungguhnya Engkau Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang.
Di, Mensajero: “Busco refugio en el Señor de los seres humanos y busco su protección”.
Sabihin mo, O sugo: "Nagpapasanggalang ako sa Panginoon ng mga tao at nagpapakalinga ako sa Kanya,
Hãy nói đi - hỡi Thiên Sứ -: Bề tôi cầu xin sự che chở từ Thượng Đế của nhân loại.
Which was revealed in Makkah
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
These are three attributes from the attributes of the Lord, the Mighty and Majestic. They are lordship, sovereignty and divinity. Thus, He is the Lord of everything, the King of everything and the God of everything. All things are created by Him, owned by Him, and subservient to Him. Therefore, He commands whoever is seeking protection to seek refuge with the One Who has these attributes from the evil of the whisperer who withdraws. This (the whisperer) is the devil that is assigned to man. For verily, there is not any of the Children of Adam except that he has a companion that beautifies wicked deeds for him. This devil will go to any lengths to confuse and confound him. The only person who is safe is He Whom Allah protects.
It is confirmed in the Sahih that he (the Prophet ) said,
«مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا قَدْ وُكِّلَ بِهِ قَرِينُهُ»
(There is not a single one of you except that his companion (a devil) has been assigned to him.) They (the Companions) said, "What about you, O Messenger of Allah" He replied,
«نَعَمْ، إِلَّا أَنَّ اللهَ أَعَانَنِي عَلَيْهِ فَأَسْلَمَ، فَلَا يَأْمُرُنِي إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ»
(Yes. However, Allah has helped me against him and he has accepted Islam. Thus, he only commands me to do good.) It is also confirmed in the Two Sahihs from Anas, who reported the story of Safiyyah when she came to visit the Prophet while he was performing I`tikaf, that he went out with her during the night to walk her back to her house. So, two men from the Ansar met him (on the way). When they saw the Prophet , they began walking swiftly. So, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«عَلَى رِسْلِكُمَا، إِنَّهَا صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ حُيَيَ»
(Slow down! This is Safiyyah bint Huyay!) They said, "Glory be to Allah, O Messenger of Allah!" He said,
«إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَجْرِي مِنِ ابْنِ آدَمَ مَجْرَى الدَّم، وَإِنِّي خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَقْذِفَ فِي قُلُوبِكُمَا شَيْئًا، أَوْ قَالَ: شَرًّا»
(Verily, Shaytan runs in the Son of Adam like the running of the blood. And verily, I feared that he might cast something into your hearts -- or he said -- evil.) Sa`id bin Jubayr reported that Ibn `Abbas said concerning Allah's statement,
الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ
(The whisperer (Al-Waswas) who withdraws.) "The devil who is squatting (perched) upon the heart of the Son of Adam. So when he becomes absentminded and heedless he whispers. Then, when he remembers Allah he withdraws." Mujahid and Qatadah also said this.
Al-Mu`tamir bin Sulayman reported that his father said, "It has been mentioned to me that Shaytan is Al-Waswas. He blows into the heart of the Son of Adam when he is sad and when he is happy. But when he (man) remembers Allah, Shaytan withdraws." Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas;
الْوَسْوَاسِ
(The whisperer.) "He is Shaytan. He whispers and then when he is obeyed, he withdraws." As for Allah's saying;
الَّذِى يُوَسْوِسُ فِى صُدُورِ النَّاسِ
(Who whispers in the breasts of An-Nas.) Is this specific for the Children of Adam as is apparent, or is it general, including both mankind and Jinns
There are two views concerning this. This is because they (the Jinns) are also included in the usage of the word An-Nas (the people) in most cases.
Ibn Jarir said, "The phrase Rijalun min Al-Jinn (Men from the Jinns) has been used in reference to them, so it is not strange for the word An-Nas to be applied to them also." Then Allah says,
مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ
(Of Jinn and An-Nas.) Is this explanatory of Allah's statement,
الَّذِى يُوَسْوِسُ فِى صُدُورِ النَّاسِ
(Who whispers in the breasts of An-Nas.) Then, Allah explains this by saying,
مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ
(Of Jinn and An-Nas.) This is supportive of the second view. It has also been said that Allah's saying,
مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ
(Of Jinn and An-Nas) is an explanation of who is it that whispers into the breasts of mankind from the devils of mankind and Jinns. This is similar to Allah's saying,
وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَا لِكُلِّ نِبِىٍّ عَدُوّاً شَيَـطِينَ الإِنْسِ وَالْجِنِّ يُوحِى بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ زُخْرُفَ الْقَوْلِ غُرُوراً
o(And so We have appointed for every Prophet enemies -- Shayatin among mankind and Jinn, inspiring one another with adorned speech as a delusion.) (6:112) Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "A man came to the Prophet and said, `O Messenger of Allah! Sometimes I say things to myself that I would rather fall from the sky than say (aloud openly). ' The Prophet said,
«اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللهُ أَكْبَرٌ الْحَمْدُ للهِ الَّذِي رَدَّ كَيْدَهُ إِلَى الْوَسْوَسَةِ»
(Allah is Most Great! Allah is Most Great! All praise is due to Allah Who sent his (Shaytan's) plot back as only a whisper.)" Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded this Hadith.
Introductory Remarks
This Surah, the second of the Mu'awwadhatain, constitutes an extension of its predecessor and is in a way complementary to it, in that in Surah Al-Falaq the believers were enjoined to seek refuge with Allah against the hardships and privations of life in this world, while in the current Surah protection is sought from the trials and tribulations of the Hereafter. It was explained in Surah Al-Falaq that the word sharr could stand for 'evil' or 'harm' or even 'that which causes harm, anguish or distress'. In the present Surah, we are to seek refuge from the evil that is the cause of all sins, namely, the whisperings and insinuations of Shaitan. As the anguish and distress of the Hereafter is most severe, the Qur'an appropriately emphasizes at the end to seek Allah's protection against these evil powers.
Verse [ 114:1] قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ Say, (I seek refuge with the Lord of mankind,) The attributive name of Allah rabb stands for 'one who nurtures', and implies that the Supreme Nurturer takes care of everything under all circumstances. In the present verse, He is referred to as 'the Lord of mankind', while in the previous Surah He was referred to as 'the Lord of the daybreak', because in the foregoing Surah the purpose was to seek protection against the outer bodily hardships and privations of life, and they are not confined to human beings. Animals also suffer bodily hardships and difficulties, unlike the Shaitanic instigations which are restricted to man, and the Jinn are subjoined to him. [ Mazhari from Baidawi ]
-Ey Peygamber!- De ki: İnsanların Rabbine sığınıyorum ve O'nun himayesi altına giriyorum.
Di', o Messaggero: "Mi affido al Dio degli uomini e imploro la Sua protezione;
Onların üzerinde dilediği gibi tasarrufta bulunan, O'nun dışında hiçbir hükümdarları bulunmayan insanların hükümdarına,
le Souverain des gens dont Il dispose comme Il le veut et qui n’ont pas d’autre souverain que Lui,
Dialah raja seluruh manusia, yang berbuat terhadap manusia sekehendak-Nya, tidak ada raja lain bagi mereka selain-Nya.
“El Rey soberano de los seres humanos, que no tienen otro rey absoluto y real que no sea Él”.
Vị Vua của toàn nhân loại có quyền năng chi phối mọi việc và không lệ thuộc bất cứ điều gì.
il Sovrano degli uomini, che fa di loro ciò che vuole; non hanno altro sovrano all'infuori di Lui.
“The King of the people, who does whatever He wishes with them. They do not have any real king other than Him.”
Vladaru ljudi koji čini s njima šta hoće i pored kojeg niko nema vlasti.
na Hari ng mga tao, na gumagawa Siya sa kanila ng anumang niloloob Niya, na walang hari para sa kanila na iba pa sa Kanya,
Hak olan mabuda/ilaha. Onların AllahTeâlâ'dan başka kendisine ibadet edilecek hak mabudu yoktur.
na sinasamba nila ayon sa karapatan, na walang sinasamba para sa kanila ayon sa karapatan na iba pa sa Kanya,
Đấng đáng được nhân loại thờ phượng, không có ai (vật gì) khác ngoài Ngài có quyền đó.
le Dieu des gens qui n’ont d’autre dieu que Lui,
La loro vera divinità, non vi è altra reale divinità, all'infuori di Lui,
“He is their rightful deity; they do not have any rightful deity except Him.”
“Él es su deidad legítima, no tienen otra deidad verdadera salvo Él”.
Dialah sesembahan mereka yang hak, tidak ada sesembahan lain yang hak bagi mereka selain-Nya.
Verses [ 114:2 3] مَلِكِ النَّاسِ إِلَـٰهِ النَّاسِ (the King of mankind, the God of mankind.) The reason for adding these two attributes is that the word rabb, attributed to a particular thing, could refer to someone other than Allah also, as for instance rabb-ud-dar [ land-lord ] or رَبُّ المال rabb-ul-mal [ owner of wealth ]. But not every master or owner is a king. That is why the attributive name malik [ King ] has been added to indicate that He is not only the 'Lord of mankind' but also the 'King of mankind'. Furthermore, not every king is worthy of worship. Thus the third attributive name ilah [ God ] has been added to nas [ people ]. The Divine wisdom in combining all three Divine attributes is that each attribute motivates protection. Every master has servants and takes care of them. Likewise, every king has subjects and looks after them. That the worshipped God protects His worshipper is even more obvious. Only Allah, and no other being, is characterized by these three attributes simultaneously. Therefore, seeking Allah's protection by invoking these attributes is the greatest protection, and the invocation is readily acceptable.
Since the first sentence contains the word nas (people), the second and the third verses should apparently refer to them with the pronouns by saying, مَلِکِھِم malikihim [ their king ] rather than repeating the word nas (people). However, this is an occasion of supplication and praise, and as such repetition needs to be employed by deliberate design to add force and clarity to the sublime emotion by creating natural rhyme, rhythm and melodic sequence. Some scholars have explained the repetition of the word 'nas' differently. They say that the word nas occurs five times in this Surah. In its first occurrence, it refers to the children. The word rabb that refers to nurturer-ship of Allah is a hint to this, because children need nurturing the most. Its second occurrence refers to youth, and the hint in the context is the word malik which refers to kingship of Allah. It bears political connotation and is appropriate to the youth. Its third occurrence refers to old age. Old people cut themselves off from the world and look up to Allah alone as the real support of life, and render Him alone true and unconditional obedience and to make Him alone the real object of his love and adoration. The context for this is ilah [ God ] which points to the Divine worship. Its fourth occurrence refers to the righteous servants of Allah. The contextual hint for this is the word waswasah [ evil whisperings ] because the devil is the enemy of the righteous servants of Allah. His work is to cast evil prompting into the hearts of such people. Its fifth occurrence refers to mischief-makers because protection is sought from their mischief.
Onome koji zaslužuje da se istinski obožava, pored kojeg niko drugi to ne zaslužuje.
laban sa kasamaan ng demonyo na nagpupukol ng pasaring niya sa tao kapag nalingat ito sa pag-alaala kay Allāh at nagpapahuli naman palayo rito kapag nakaalaala ito kay Allāh,
dal male di Satana, che sussurra all'individuo quando non si cura di invocare Allāh, oppure quando tarda a invocarlo,
Tránh khỏi sự hãm hại và quấy nhiễu của Shaytan, những điều mà nó thì thào xúi bẩy khiến sao lãng việc tụng niệm Allah hoặc lơ là khi được nhắc đến Ngài.
Allah’ın zikrinden gafil oldukları zamanlarda insanlara vesvese veren ve onu zikrettiklerinde ondan uzaklaşan şeytanın şerrinden.
“De los males del Demonio que susurra al ser humano cuando es negligente con el recuerdo de Al-lah”.
Aku berlindung kepada-Nya dari kejahatan setan yang menimpakan bisikannya kepada manusia tatkala ia lalai dari zikir kepada Allah dan yang lari dari manusia jika ia mengingat Allah.
contre le mal du démon qui harcèle l’être humain d’insufflations lorsque ce dernier oublie d’évoquer Allah ou l’évoque tardivement.
Verse [ 114:4] مِن شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ (from the evil of the whisperer who withdraws [ when Allah's name is pronounced ].) After invoking three attributes of Allah, the present verse describes the one from whom protection is sought. He is 'the whisperer who withdraws'. The word waswas is originally an infinitive in the sense of waswasah 'to whisper [ that is, to use breath instead of voice, when saying something in barely audible way ] '. But here it is used as an hyperbolic expression to refer to 'Shaitan' in the sense that 'he is an embodiment of whisper'. Whispering of the Shaitan means that he invites people to his obedience by a superstitious discourse in a way that its subject is cast into man's heart, but no voice is heard. [ Qurtubi ].
The word خَنَّاسِ khannas is derived from khanasa which means 'to sneak, recede or withdraw furtively'. The Shaitan is so named because he puts himself in a squatting [ perched ] position on the heart of man. So, when the latter becomes heedless, the former whispers, but when he remembers Allah, he withdraws furtively. When man becomes unmindful of Allah again, the Shaitan returns. Whenever man remembers Allah, he withdraws. This practice continues persistently. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ is reported to have said:
"Allah has built two houses in the heart of man, in one of which an angel resides and in the other the Shaitan. The angel urges him to do good works and the Shaitan induces him to do evil works. When man remembers Allah, the Shaitan withdraws. And when he stops remembering Allah, the Shaitan perches on the heart of man and pecks with his beak to whisper into it to do evil things." [ Transmitted by Abu Ya` la on the authority of Anas ؓ ، as quoted by Mazhari ].
Od zla šejtana koji čovjeku donosi ružne misli kada zaboravi na Allaha, a kada Ga se sjeti, on se skrije i ne dolazi.
“From the evils of Satan who whispers to the human when he is neglectful of the remembrance of Allah, or delays in it when he remembers.”
“He whispers to the hearts of people.”
na nagpupukol ng pasaring niya sa mga puso ng mga tao,
“El Demonio susurra en los corazones de los seres humanos”
Tránh khỏi những lời thì thào xúi bẩy vào lòng con người.
koji unosi zle misli u ljudska sca.
Setan itu menimpakan bisikannya ke dalam hati manusia.
İnsanların kalplerine vesveselerini atan.
Le démon insuffle le mal dans les cœurs des gens
facendo penetrare i suoi sussurri nel cuore della gente,
Setan itu dari golongan jin dan juga dari golongan manusia.
sia uomini che Jinn.
This chapter counsels the believers to ‘seek refuge with the Lord of mankind.’ It is a prayer to the Almighty to grant refuge from the mischief of evil-doers, both human and occult. In this case, protection is sought especially from the evil in man’s own heart and in the hearts of other men. This and the previous chapter are prayers for protection. The two chapters are known as al-Muawwadhatayn, two entreaties for refuge and protection. The previous chapter points to the necessity of seeking God’s protection against such external factors as might affect an individual. Here the need of protection from internal factors, that is, the evil inclinations within man’s own self is pointed out. So long as we put ourselves under God’s protection, and trust in Him, evil cannot touch us in our inner life. Man is a humble creature. He essentially needs protection. But this cannot be given to him by anybody except the one and only God. It is God who is the Lord and Sustainer of all human beings. It is He who is their King. It is He alone who is worth worshipping. Indeed, who except God can become the support of believers in their trials and tribulations? The most dangerous mischief against which man should seek God’s refuge is that of Satan. He is most dangerous because he always hides his real position. He misleads people by his deceitful ways. So, only one who is extremely alert; one to whom God has given the capacity to distinguish between Truth and Untruth; one who can understand what is reality and what is falsity can save himself from the machinations of Satan. Evil-inspirers are not only the known Satans, even among human beings there are certain Satan-like people who present themselves in artificial guises and, by means of deceitful words, brainwash others and put them on the path of misguidance. Seeking refuge in God from mischief is a two-sided action. On the one hand, it entails obtaining God’s grace. On the other hand, its purpose is to awaken one’s awareness of mischief so that one may become capable of countering it more consciously.
a on nekada bude ljudske, a nekada džinske vrste.
Verse [ 114:6] مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ (whether from among the Jinn or Mankind.) This is explicative of the expression waswas occurring in verse [ 4], meaning that the devils from amongst mankind and the Jinn whisper into the breasts of mankind. Thus the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has been enjoined to constantly seek protection against the mischief of sneaking devils, whether from amongst the Jinn or from amongst human devils.
A question may arise here. It is obvious that the Shaitans can cast a voiceless evil prompting furtively into the hearts of people, but how the human devils can cast evil whisperings? They come forward publicly and use their voice, which is not waswasah [ whisper ]. The answer is that human beings too often cast doubts in the minds of people in an indirect way without uttering them explicitly. Shaikh ` Izzuddin Ibn ` Abdus-Salam states, in his monograph 'al-Fawa'id fi Mushkilat-il-Qur'an', that the 'whisperer from mankind' refers to the whispering of one's own nafs (base faculties of the man himself). Just as the Shaitan casts evil thoughts into man's mind, likewise the base self of man urges him to do evil works. That is why the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has directed us to seek protection in Allah from the evil of our own self in the following supplication:
اللَّھُمَّ اَعُوذُ بِکَ مِن شَرِّ نَفسِی وَ شَرِّ الشَّیطَانِ وَ شِرکِہٖ
"0 Allah! I seek asylum in You from the evil of myself, from the evil of the Shaitan and from the evil of idolatry."
The Importance of Seeking Protection against Shaitanic Whisperings
Ibn Kathir states that Allah invokes three of His attributive names in this Surah, rabb [ Lord ], malik [ King ] and ilah [ God ], and instructs man to seek refuge with Him against diabolical whisperings, because a Shaitanic companion is attached to every man, and at every step of the way, the latter's attempt is to destroy the former in different ways. First of all, he induces him to commit sins, and paves the way for him to willfully violate the Divine laws and injunctions. If he does not succeed in this, he tries to contaminate and destroy his acts of obedience and worship by casting the thoughts of dissimulation, hypocrisy, pride and arrogance. He attempts to create doubts about authentic beliefs and doctrines of Islam in the minds of the learned scholars. The only one who can be saved from the evil of such Shaitanic pranks is the one whom Allah gives His protection.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ is reported to have said: "There is not a single one of you, but his companion [ a devil ] has been assigned to him." The Companions enquired: 'Is such a devil companion joined to you also, O Messenger of Allah?' He replied: 'Yes. However, Allah has helped me against him and he has become submissive to me. As a result, he only commands me to do good.'
It is also confirmed in the two Sahihs from Sayyidna Anas ؓ ، who reported the story of Sayyidah Safiyyah ؓ . Once while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was performing I'tikaf in the mosque, one of his wives Sayyidah Safiyyah ؓ paid him a visit. When she decided to leave, he gave her company to the boundaries of the mosque. On the way, two men of the Ansar saw them together, The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: "Wait! This is Safiyyah bint Huyayy [ my wife ]!" The two Companions exclaimed: سُبحَانَ اللہ "Pure is Allah, 0 Messenger of Allah, [ how can we have ill thoughts about you?] " The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied: "Indeed, the devil runs through man's veins like the blood circulates. I feared that he might whisper evil thoughts in your minds. [ That is why I had to call you and clarify that the lady with me was no other than my own wife.] "
Special Note
Just as it is necessary for man to avoid evil deeds, it is essential for Muslims to avoid occasions that may cause others to have ill thoughts about them. Should there arise an occasion which may give rise to such bad thoughts, they should immediately clarify the situation, and put an end to it then and there. In sum: This Tradition indicates that Shaitanic pranks are highly dangerous. It is not easy to avoid them unless we seek refuge with Allah.
A Clarification
There are two types of evil thoughts: [ 1] voluntary; and [ 2] involuntary. Here we are warned against voluntary thoughts that proceed from the will or from one's own free choice. The involuntary thoughts are thoughts that occur without one's will or free choice. Such thoughts come to mind involuntarily and pass away. They are not harmful, nor are they sinful as long as they do not act upon them or speak about them.
A subtle difference between the two Surahs of Mu'awwadhatain
In the present Surah, rabb [ Lord ], malik [ King ] and ilah [ God ], three Divine attributes have been invoked, while the evil from which protection is sought is only one, that is, the whispering. Conversely, in the previous Surah, only one attribute of Allah is mentioned, that is, rabb-il-falaq [ Lord of the daybreak ], but the evils from which protection is sought are many which are mentioned in three verses. This goes to show that the mischief of the Shaitan is the worst type of evil. The hardships and calamities that befall man in this world, affect his body and mundane affairs, unlike the Shaitanic pranks which affect man's mundane affairs as well his affairs of the Hereafter. The Shaitan is always after destroying man's after-life, and that is the most dangerous situation. If man suffers from physical injury or harm, he can find cure or remedy for it; but because the Shaitan lurks or lies hidden in ambush in every nook and corner of man's life to assault him unnoticed and pull him downwards, away from the Divine, it is not possible to resist him except with the protection granted by Allah. (Therefore, protection from him is sought by invoking three attributes of Allah.)
Human and Shaitanic Enemies: their differential treatments
One may have some enemies from mankind, and some from Shaitanic origin. The Holy Qur'an has directed us to deal with these two kinds of enemies in different ways.
Ibn Kathir in the preface of his commentary of the Holy Qur'an has cited three verses of the Holy Qur'an pertaining to this subject. All three of them have two parts. In the first part, Allah has instructed man to treat his human enemy with kindness, politeness, patience, mercy and compassion. If he does not desist from his evil ways, then jihad is prescribed in other verses. We need to wage armed struggle against the devilish elements of human society. But the only way to resist the Shaitanic enemy is to seek refuge with Allah. The first verse to this effect is in Surah Al-A` raf [ 7:199]:
خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجَاهِلِينَ
(Take to forbearance, and bid the Fair and ignore the ignorant.)
This pertains to defense against human enemy: In other words we need to grant courteous allowance for his offence, bid him to do good and forego revenge against injustice he might have committed. We must be easy in dealing with him and avoid causing him difficulty. This injunction is defence against human enemy and must be carried out in the first instance. But the next verse [ 7:200] of the same Surah pertains to the Shaitanic enemy as follows:
وَإِمَّا يَنزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّـهِ إِنَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
"And if you are stricken with a strike from the Shaitan, seek refuge with Allah. Surely He is All-hearing, All-knowing."
In other words, if an evil suggestion comes to us from the Shaitanic enemy, then we need to seek refuge in Allah.
The second verse is in Surah Al-Mu'minun [ 23:96-98]:
ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ السَّيِّئَةَ
"Repel evil with that which is best.
وَقُل رَّبِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ رَبِّ أَن يَحْضُرُونِ
And say: '0 my Lord, I seek Your refuge from the strokes of the Shaitans, and I seek Your refuge from that they come to me".
In the first sentence of these verses, the direction is given to repel the evil caused by human beings with good behavior. But, when it comes to repel the evil caused by Shaitan, the direction given is to seek refuge in Allah.
The third verse dealing with the same subject is:[ 41:34]
ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ فَإِذَا الَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ عَدَاوَةٌ كَأَنَّهُ وَلِيٌّ حَمِيمٌ
Repel (evi) with what is best, and you will see that the one you had mutual enmity with him will turn as if he were a close friend." [ 34] "
This part of the verse directs how to repel the evil caused by human enemy. If we repel evil deed with a better deed, it would be possible for us to win over our human enemies and they would become our most devoted friends. As opposed to a human enemy, the other part of the situation is contained in the next verse [ 36]. It deals with the slinking devil who is invisible, but effective in his attack. The verse reads:
وَإِمَّا يَنزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّـهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
"And should a stroke from Shaitan (Shaitan) strikes you, seek refuge with Allah. Surely, He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing." [ 41:36]
The wordings of this verse are more or less the same as they occur in Surah Al-A` raf. In other words, if an evil suggestion comes to us from the Shaitan, we are required to seek refuge in Allah, because that is the only defensive weapon against the invisible slinking, sly and cunning enemy. [ Ibn Kathir ]
In sum, all three sets of verses discussed above enjoin that a human enemy needs to be treated at first kindly, politely, patiently and compassionately, because human nature was in the primordial state created uncorrupted, and as such kindness, politeness, mercy and pardon could subdue him. However, human beings who have lost their primordial state of innocence, and are deeply sunk in the ocean of ignorance, the passions and the vices of the lower self or base self drag man downwards away from Allah. Some have become infidels, unbelievers and tyrants. They have thus become frontal enemies and come out armed with weapons of war to wage a frontal combat against the believers. The Qur'an prescribes in other verses that such human enemies should be repelled by force of arms. Unlike the accursed Shaitan, he is evil in his primal nature, and as such kindness, compassion and pardon does not bring a good effect on him. It is also impossible to have an armed conflict with him. So, the only defence against such an enemy is the celestial weapon of dhikrullah [ Allah's Remembrance ] and ta'awwudh [ seeking refuge with Allah ], with which the entire Qur'an is replete and the Qur'an appropriately ends with it.
Moreover, while dealing with a human enemy, a believer is never a loser. If he overcomes the enemy and prevails upon him, his victory is obvious. If the enemy overcomes him or even kills him, then too he will attain high rewards, and a high degree of martyrdom in the Hereafter which is far better than any worldly attainments. In other words, if a believer is defeated by a human enemy he has not lost anything nor is he harmed in anyway. But the case of the Shaitanic enemy is totally different. It is sinful to flatter him or please him; and if someone is defeated by him, it is to destroy his entire future in the Hereafter. This is the reason why the best defensive weapon against him is to seek refuge in Allah. This celestial weapon is so powerful and potent that all Shaitanic guile and treacherous cunning or craft are rendered weak and ineffective.
The Guile of Shaitan is Feeble
On account of the reasons given above, it may not be misunderstood that fighting the Shaitan is difficult. To dispel this misunderstanding, Allah has said:
إِنَّ كَيْدَ الشَّيْطَانِ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا
"...No doubt, the guile of the Shaitan is feeble." (4:76)
It is further clarified in Surah An-Nahl:
فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّـهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ ﴿98﴾ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ سُلْطَانٌ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ ﴿99﴾ إِنَّمَا سُلْطَانُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُ وَالَّذِينَ هُم بِهِ مُشْرِكُونَ ﴿100﴾
"So, when you recite the Qur'an, seek the protection of Allah against Shaitan, the accursed. He is such that he has no power over those who believe in Allah and place trust in their Lord. His power is only over those who befriend him and those who associate partners with Him. [ 16:98-1001"
Please see Ma’ ariful Qur'an, Vol. 5/pp 412-415 for concise commentary and fuller details of related rulings.
Relationship between the Prologue and the Epilogue of the Qur’ an
Allah prefaced the Qur'an with Surah Al-Fatihah which began with His Personal name. It further described His predominant attributes as being Rabb or Maintainer of the universe; as being the All-Merciful and Very Merciful and the Sole Judge of rights and wrongs. It defined religion as being His worship alone and imploring Him alone for help - all else being powerless in comparison. It further taught man to pray for true guidance so that he is able to find the right path, and be established in it. He is taught to pray to be saved from being among those who are condemned and those who have lost the right path after having received it. These factors serve the purpose of man's success and prosperity in this world and in the next world that is the Hereafter. However, in the process of achieving this purpose man is obstructed by the accursed Shaitan. He lays various traps inconspicuously utilizing people's different weak points, their sensual and unhealthy desires which he detects and exploits. The Shaitanic traps or snares need to be shattered or broken to pieces. Seeking refuge in Allah is the only effective protection against these evil powers. That is why the Qur'an most fittingly ends on this.
Conclusion
All Thanks are due to Allah that the tafsir of the noble Qur'an has ended with the grace of Allah, and His kindness and help. Praise be to Allah from the beginning to the end, outwardly and inwardly non-manifestly and manifestly. We would not have found the way, had Allah not guided us. May Allah shower His blessings upon the best of creation, Muhammad ﷺ ، His chosen Messenger, the Seal and the leader of the Prophets and Messengers (علیہم السلام) . Upon him and the other Messengers be His blessings and peace, upon his family and his Companions, all of them. 0 'Our Lord, accept from us! Indeed, You - and You alone - are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing! This work completed on Saturday morning 21st of Sha` ban 1392 AH. Co-incidentally, this is the day I was born. I completed 77th year of my life and turned 78 years old. I pray to Allah and hope that the last days of my life would be the best part of my life, doing the best deeds; and that the best days of my life would be the day when I meet my Lord with the blessing of His clear Book and His trustworthy Prophet ﷺ and that the efforts of this humble servant would be accepted, whose soul was exhausted by ailments, grief, distress and anxieties, and lack of strength; and that He would pardon my errors and shortcomings if the obligations toward His noble Book were not fulfilled; and that the Muslims would benefit by it for aeons of time; and that He makes this work a treasure-trove for the Day when there will be no trading and no friendship, when neither wealth nor family will be of any help. My ability and help to do things come from Him. Pure is Allah; praise be to Him; Pure is Allah, the Great!
The 8th volume of Tafsir of Ma’ ariful Qur'an was revised between 3rd of Ramadan 1392 AH and Friday 10th of Shawwal 1392 AH, taking about forty days. Praise be to Allah!
Alhamdulillah, the revision of the English version is completed on the night of 29 Ramadan 1424 A.H. corresponding to 25 November, 2003. May Allah bless this humble effort with His approval and pleasure, and make it beneficial for the readers. 'Amin
صَدَقَ اللہ العَظِیم
Sadaq Allah-u1-` Azim
وَ صَلَّی اللہُ عَلَی النَّبِیِّینَا ، مُحَمَّدِ وَ عَلَیٰ آلِہٖ وَ صَحبِہٖ وَ سَلَّم
Wa sallallahu ` ala nabiyyina Muhammadin wa ` ala ` Alihi wa sahbihi wa sallam.
Alhamdulillahil-ladhi Ibni'matihi tatimmussalihat
The translation of the text of the Holy Qur'an completed on 16 Rabi` ul-Awwal 1424 A.H. corresponding to 19 May 2003 at Karachi on 11:25 forenoon.
Muhammad Taqi Usmani, May Allah forgive him, and accept this humble effort in the service of the Holy Qur'an, His eternal book of guidance. May Allah give us tawfiq to recite it, understand.
Alhamdulillah
The Commentary on
Surah An-Nas
Ends he
“And he could be from the humankind or from the Jinn.”
Từ những Shaytan thuộc loài Jinn và loài người.
“y su maldad se encuentra tanto entre los seres humanos como entre los yinnes”.
na siya ay nagiging kabilang sa mga tao at nagiging kabilang sa mga jinn."
O; cinlerden olduğu gibi, insanlardan da olur.
et peut être un être humain comme il peut être un djinn.
