"Sesungguhnya Kami telah menurunkannya (al-Qur`an) pada malam qadar (kemuliaan). Dan tahukah kamu apakah malam qadar (kemuliaan) itu? Malam qadar itu lebih baik dari seribu bulan. Pada malam itu turun malaikat-malaikat dan malaikat Jibril dengan izin Rabbnya untuk mengatur segala urusan. Malam itu (penuh) kesejahteraan sampai terbit fajar." (Al-Qadar: 1-5).
Makkiyah
"Dengan Menyebut Nama Allah Yang Maha Pengasih Lagi Maha Penyayang."
(1) Allah سبحانه وتعالى berfirman menjelaskan keutamaan al-Qur`an dan tingginya derajat al-Qur`an. ﴾ إِنَّآ أَنزَلۡنَٰهُ فِي لَيۡلَةِ ٱلۡقَدۡرِ ﴿ "Sesungguhnya Kami telah menurunkannya (al-Qur`an) pada malam kemuliaan." Ini semakna dengan Firman Allah سبحانه وتعالى,
﴾ إِنَّآ أَنزَلۡنَٰهُ فِي لَيۡلَةٖ مُّبَٰرَكَةٍۚ ﴿
"Sesungguhnya Kami menurunkannya pada malam yang diberkahi." (Ad-Dukhan: 3).
Hal itu karena Allah سبحانه وتعالى mulai menurunkan al-Qur`an di bulan Ramadhan pada malam qadar, dengannya Allah سبحانه وتعالى merahmati seluruh hamba secara umum yang tidak mampu dihargai oleh manusia. Disebut malam qadar karena agungnya kemuliaan malam itu dan keutamaannya di sisi Allah سبحانه وتعالى, karena pada malam itu Allah سبحانه وتعالى menentukan ajal, rizki, dan ketentuan-ketentuan takdir selama satu tahun.
(2) Selanjutnya Allah سبحانه وتعالى memperbesar dan memperagung kondisinya seraya berfirman, ﴾ وَمَآ أَدۡرَىٰكَ مَا لَيۡلَةُ ٱلۡقَدۡرِ ﴿ "Dan tahukah kamu apakah malam kemuliaan itu?" Yakni, kondisinya yang amat agung dan nilai pentingnya yang besar.
(3) ﴾ لَيۡلَةُ ٱلۡقَدۡرِ خَيۡرٞ مِّنۡ أَلۡفِ شَهۡرٖ ﴿ "Malam qadar itu lebih baik dari seribu bulan," yakni keutamaannya menyamai seribu bulan. Amal yang dilakukan pada malam itu lebih baik dari amal yang dikerjakan selama seribu bulan penuh. Inilah salah satu hal yang membuat orang berakal terkesima dan tercengang karena Allah سبحانه وتعالى memberi karunia pada umat yang lemah ini berupa kekuatan dan daya dalam satu malam, di mana amal yang dikerjakan pada malam itu nilainya sama bahkan lebih dari amalan seribu bulan, sementara seseorang paling-paling diberi usia panjang selama delapan puluh sekian tahun.
(4) ﴾ تَنَزَّلُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ وَٱلرُّوحُ فِيهَا ﴿ "Pada malam itu turun malaikat-malai-kat dan malaikat Jibril," yakni mereka berkali-kali turun pada malam itu, ﴾ مِّن كُلِّ أَمۡرٖ ﴿ "untuk mengatur segala urusan."
(5) ﴾ سَلَٰمٌ هِيَ ﴿ "Malam itu (penuh) kesejahteraan," yakni sejahtera dari berbagai aib dan keburukan karena banyaknya kebaikan pada malam itu ﴾ حَتَّىٰ مَطۡلَعِ ٱلۡفَجۡرِ ﴿ "sampai terbit fajar," yakni bermula sejak tenggelamnya matahari hingga terbitnya fajar. Berbagai hadits mutawatir banyak menyebutkan keutamaannya,[147] malam itu berada di bulan Ramadhan pada sepuluh malam terakhir khususnya, dan terutama pada malam-malam ganjil. Malam qadar berlaku setiap tahun hingga Kiamat tiba. Karena itu Nabi a beri'tikaf dan mem-perbanyak ibadah pada sepuluh hari terakhir bulan Ramadhan demi mengharapkan malam qadar. Wallahu a'lam.
Quả thật, TA đã ban toàn bộ Qur’an xuống tầng trời hạ giới, cũng như việc TA bắt đầu thiên khải Nó xuống cho Thiên Sứ vào đêm định mệnh của tháng Ramadan.
In verità, abbiamo rivelato il Corano, integralmente, al Cielo inferiore di questo mondo, così come abbiamo iniziato a rivelarlo al Profeta pace e benedizioni di Allāh su di lui nella notte del Destino, nel mese di Ramadhān.
Indeed, I revealed the Qur’ān at once to the heaven nearest to the world, just as I started off revealing it to Muhammad (peace be upon him), on the Night of Decree in the month of Ramadan.
Ciertamente, comencé la revelación del Corán al cielo más cercano al mundo como a Mujámmad r, en la Noche de la Predestinación durante el mes de Ramadán.
1- Şüphesiz Biz o (Kur'ân’ı) Kadir gecesinde indirdik.
2- Kadir gecesinin ne olduğunu sen nereden bilebilirsin ki?
3- Kadir gecesi bin aydan daha hayırlıdır.
4- O gece melekler ve Ruh/Cebrail, Rablerinin izni ile her bir iş için inerler.
5- O gece, fecir doğuncaya kadar bir esenliktir.
(Mekke’de inmiştir. 5 âyettir)
Rahmân ve Rahîm Allah’ın adı ile.
1. Yüce Allah, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in faziletini ve kıymetinin yüceliğini açıklayarak şöyle buyurmaktadır:“Şüphesiz Biz o (Kur'ân’ı) Kadir gecesinde indirdik.” Bir başka ayette de şöyle buyrulmaktadır: “Şüphesiz biz onu mübarek bir gecede indirdik.”(ed-Duhan, 44/3) Çünkü Yüce Allah, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’i Ramazan ayında, Kadir gecesinde indirmeye başlamıştır. Yüce Allah, bu gecede kullara, kulların şükretme imkânını bulmaktan âciz oldukları pek geniş bir rahmetini ihsan etmiştir.
Bu geceye Kadir gecesi denilmesinin sebebi, kadrinin ve kıymetinin büyüklüğü, Allah nezdindeki faziletinin yüksekliğidir. Ayrıca Allah, bu gecede yıl boyunca gerçekleşecek olan ecelleri, rızıkları ve diğer ilahi takdirleri belirler.
2. Daha sonra Yüce Allah bu gecenin şanını, büyüklüğünü ve kadrinin yüceliğini belirterek:“Kadir gecesinin ne olduğunu sen nereden bilebilirsin ki?” buyurmaktadır. Yani onun şanı pek yücedir. O oldukça önemi büyük bir gecedir.
3. “Kadir gecesi bin aydan daha hayırlıdır.” Fazileti itibari ile bin aya denktir. Bu gecede yapılan bir amel, böyle bir gecenin bulunmadığı bin aydaki amelden daha üstündür, hayırlıdır. Bu ise akılları hayrete ve dehşete düşüren işlerden birisidir. Çünkü Yüce Allah, güç ve takati çok cılız olan bu ümmete böyle bir gece ile lütufta bulunmuştur. Bu gecede gerçekleşecek bir amel, bin aylık bir gecedeki amele denk hatta daha üstün ve değerlidir. Bu ise yaklaşık seksen küsûr gibi oldukça uzun ömür yaşayan bir insan ömrüne denktir.
4. “O gece melekler ve Ruh/Cebrail, Rablerinin izni ile her bir iş için inerler.” Bu gece melekler çokça iner.
5. “O gece, fecir doğuncaya kadar bir esenliktir” her türlü âfetten ve kötülükten uzaktır. Bu da onun hayrının çokluğundan kaynaklanmaktadır. Yani bu gecenin başlangıcı olan güneşin batışından itibaren son vakti olan fecre kadar bu böyle sürer.
Bu gecenin fazileti, bu gecenin Ramazan ayında ve bu ayın da son on gününde, özellikle de tek gecelerde olduğu ve Kıyamet gününe kadar da her yıl bu gecenin baki kalacağına dair pek çok hadis-i şerif vârid olmuştur.
Bundan dolayı Peygamber sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem Ramazan ayının son on gününde Kadir gecesine denk düşer ümidi ile itikâfa çekilir ve çokça ibadette bulunurdu.
Kadir Sûresi’nin tefsiri burada sona ermektedir.
***
Nous avons fait descendre la totalité du Coran vers le Ciel le plus bas et Nous avons commencé à le révéler au Prophète la Nuit du Destin (laylatu l-qadri) du mois de Ramadan.
Occasion of Revelation
Ibn Abi Hatim has reported from Mujhid (as mursal hadith) that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was told about a mujahid [ warrior in the cause of religion ] from amongst the Children of Israel who carried weapons of war on his shoulders for a thousand months during which time he never laid down his arms. The Companions were amazed when they heard this. On that occasion, this Surah was revealed which describes that worship in the Night of Qadr granted to this Ummah exceeds by more than a thousand months of jihad persistently fought by that warrior. According to another narration of Mujahid cited in Ibn Jarir, a worshipper from among the Children of Israel used to worship Allah the whole night, and as soon as the dawn broke, he would arm himself and fight the whole day. This continued consecutively for a thousand months. This Surah was thus revealed. This shows the superiority of the Ummah of the Holy Prophet `, and that the Night of Qadr is a special characteristic of this ummah. [ Mazhari ].
Meaning of The Night of Qadr
One meaning of the word Qadr is 'greatness, honour or dignity'. Zuhri and other scholars have assigned this meaning to it. The night is called the Night of Qadr because it is a night of greatness, honour, majesty and dignity. Abu Bakr Warraq has stated that this night is so called because a person becomes a man of honour and dignity on account of repentance, seeking pardon and righteous acts during this night, whilst prior to this he might have lacked honour and dignity on account of unrighteous life he might have led.
Another meaning of the word Qadr is 'predestination'. From this point of view, the night is so called because the destiny of individuals and nations that was decided in pre-eternity is assigned to the relevant angels who are appointed for cosmic planning. Every man's age, death, sustenance, rain and other things are measured out to the angels to be implemented for a complete year from one month of Ramadan to another. If an individual is destined to perform Hajj in the forthcoming year, it will be prescribed. According to Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، there are four angels in charge of cosmic planning: [ 1] Israfil; [ 2] Mika'il; [ 3] ` Izra'il; and [ 4] Jibra'il 6.1
It is clearly stated in [ 44:3-5]
إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُّبَارَكَةٍ ۚ إِنَّا كُنَّا مُنذِرِينَ ﴿3﴾ فِيهَا يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ ﴿4﴾ أَمْرًا مِّنْ عِندِنَا ۚ إِنَّا كُنَّا مُرْسِلِينَ ﴿5﴾
We have sent it down in a blessed night, (because) We had to warn (people). [ 3] In that (night), every wise thing is decided [ 4] through a command from Us. We were to send the Messenger [ 5].(44:3-5)
'Laylatun Mubarakah' or the 'blessed', according to overwhelming scholars of the Qur'an, refers to the Night of Qadr. The angels record and descend with whatever Allah has destined or decreed for the coming year. Some scholars hold that the 'blessed night' in 44: 3 refers to the fifteenth night of Sha'ban, that is, 'Laylatul Bara'ah ' or the 'Night of Immunity'. This view may be reconciled with the former one by holding that the initial Divine decrees are decided on the Night of Immunity, and the details are recorded and handed over to the relevant angels on the Night of Qadr. This is supported by a narration of Ibn ` Abbas which Baghawi has recorded on the authority of Abud-Duha which states that Allah decrees all cosmic matters on the Night of Immunity, but they are only handed over to the relevant angels on the Night of Qadr. [ Mazhari ].
Date of the Night of Qadr
It is explicitly stated in the Qur'an that the Night occurs in the blessed or auspicious month of Ramadan, but its exact date has not been disclosed. As a result, it is disputed and debated among scholars. There are about forty opinions recorded. Mazhari states that the most authentic opinion is that the Night of Qadr occurs in the last ten nights of Ramadan, but no specific date has been fixed. It could be any of the last ten odd nights which may alternate from year to year. According to authentic Traditions, it could be one of the following nights: 21, 23, 25, 27 and 29. Thus all the apparently conflicting Traditions relating to the odd nights are reconciled. All the Traditions pertaining to the date of the Night are authentic, and there is no need for any convoluted interpretation. Most eminent jurists - like Aba Qilabah, Imam Malik, Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, Sufyan Thawri, Ishaq Ibn Rahwaih, Abu Thawr, Muzani, Ibn Khuzaymah and others - agree that the Night occurs in the last ten odd nights, alternating. Imam Shafi'i has two opinions. In one he sides with the majority, and in another he holds that the night is fixed and does not alternate. [ IbnKathir ].
Sayyidah ` A'ishah's ؓ عنہا narration is recorded in Sahih of Bukhari, according to which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is reported to have said: تحرّوا لیلۃ القدر فی العشر الاواخر من رمضان "Look for the Night of Qadr in the last ten nights of Ramadan." Ibn ` Umar narrates, as recorded in Sahih Muslim, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: فالطلبوھا فی الوتر منھا "Search for it in the last ten odd nights of Ramadan." [ Mazhari ].
The Value and Importance of the Night and a Special Du’ a for the Night
The greatest virtue of the Night is mentioned in the Surah itself, that is, the acts of worship performed in this single night is better than worship in one thousand months which amounts to eighty-three years and four months. The figure here and elsewhere in the Qur'an does not signify its precise number, but simply denotes a very large or high number. Allah alone knows how much more or better.
It is recorded in Bukhari and Muslim on the authority of Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "He who spends the Night of Qadr in the worship of Allah, all his past sins will be forgiven." Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: All the angels resident at the 'Lote Tree of the Uttermost Boundary' descend in the leadership of Sayyidna Jibra'il (علیہ السلام) and greet every believer, man or woman, except one who takes wine or eats pork." Another narration reports that anyone who is deprived of the good of the Night of Qadr is in fact deprived of all good. On the Night of Qadr some people experience and witness special anwar [ lights ]. However, it may be noted that this is not experienced or witnessed by all and sundry nor is it part of the blessings and reward of the Night. Therefore, people should not concern themselves about it.
Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ once asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ what supplication she should make if she finds the Night. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ advised her to make the following supplication: اللَّھُمَّ اِنَّکَ عَفُوُّ تُحِبُّ العَفوَ فَاعفُ عَنِّی "0 Allah! Verily, You are the Oft-Pardoning, You love to pardon, so do pardon me." [ Qurtubi ].
Revelation of the Holy Qur’ an
Verse [ 1] إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْر "We sent it [ the Qur'an ] down in the Night of Qadr."This verse makes explicit that the Holy Qur'an was revealed on the Night of Qadr. This could have one of two meanings: [ 1] the entire Holy Qur'an was revealed on this Night from the Preserved Tablet. Then Sayyidna Jibra'il (علیہ السلام) according to the exigency of circumstances, brought it down to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ piecemeal over a period of twenty-three years; and [ 2] it is related that the first revelation, consisting of the opening verses of Surah [ 96], took place in the month of Ramadan on the Night of Qadr, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was at his devotion in the cave of Hira'. The rest of the Qur'an was revealed little by little according to the need of different occasions.
All Heavenly Books were revealed in Ramadan
Sayyidna Abu Dhar Ghifari ؓ narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Holy Prophet Ibrahim's (علیہ السلام) Scriptures were revealed on 3rd of Ramadan; Torah was revealed on 6th of Ramadan; Injil was revealed on 13th of Ramadan; Zabur was revealed on 18th of Ramadan; and the Holy Qur'an was revealed on 24th of Ramadan." [ Mazhari ].
Mi smo Kur'an cijelog spustili na zemaljsko nebo, i počeli smo ga objavljivati Poslaniku, sallallahu alejhi ve sellem, u noći Kadr, u mjesecu ramazanu.
The Virtues of the Night of Al-Qadr (the Decree)
Allah informs that He sent the Qur'an down during the Night of Al-Qadr, and it is a blessed night about which Allah says,
إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَـهُ فِى لَيْلَةٍ مُّبَـرَكَةٍ
(We sent it down on a blessed night.) (44:3) This is the Night of Al-Qadr and it occurs during the month of Ramadan. This is as Allah says,
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِى أُنزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ
(The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an.) (2:185) Ibn `Abbas and others have said, "Allah sent the Qur'an down all at one time from the Preserved Tablet (Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz) to the House of Might (Baytul-`Izzah), which is in the heaven of this world. Then it came down in parts to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ based upon the incidents that occurred over a period of twenty-three years." Then Allah magnified the status of the Night of Al-Qadr, which He chose for the revelation of the Mighty Qur'an, by His saying,
وَمَآ أَدْرَاكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ - لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ
(And what will make you know what the Night of Al-Qadr is The Night of Al-Qadr is better than a thousand months.) Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah "When Ramadan would come, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would say,
«قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ، شَهْرٌ مُبَارَكٌ، افْتَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ، تُفْتَحُ فِيهِ أَبْوَابُ الْجَنَّةِ، وَتُغْلَقُ فِيهِ أَبْوَابُ الْجَحِيمِ، وَتُغَلُّ فِيهِ الشَّيَاطِينُ، فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ، مَنْ حُرِمَ خَيْرَهَا فَقَدْ حُرِم»
(Verily, the month of Ramadan has come to you all. It is a blessed month, which Allah has obligated you all to fast. During it the gates of Paradise are opened, the gates of Hell are closed and the devils are shackled. In it there is a night that is better than one thousand months. Whoever is deprived of its good, then he has truly been deprived.)" An-Nasa'i recorded this same Hadith. Aside from the fact that worship during the Night of Al-Qadr is equivalent to worship performed for a period of one thousand months, it is also confirmed in the Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«مَنْ قَامَ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِه»
(Whoever stands (in prayer) during the Night of Al-Qadr with faith and expecting reward (from Allah), he will be forgiven for his previous sins.)
The Descent of the Angels and the Decree for Every Good during the Night of Al-Qadr
Allah says,
تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ
(Therein descend the angels and the Ruh by their Lord's permission with every matter.) meaning, the angels descend in abundance during the Night of Al-Qadr due to its abundant blessings. The angels descend with the descending of blessings and mercy, just as they descend when the Qur'an is recited, they surround the circles of Dhikr (remembrance of Allah) and they lower their wings with true respect for the student of knowledge. In reference to Ar-Ruh, it is said that here it means the angel Jibril. Therefore, the wording of the Ayah is a method of adding the name of the distinct object (in this case Jibril) separate from the general group (in this case the angels). Concerning Allah's statement,
مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ
(with every matter.) Mujahid said, "Peace concerning every matter." Sa`id bin Mansur said, `Isa bin Yunus told us that Al-A`mash narrated to them that Mujahid said concerning Allah's statement,
سَلَـمٌ هِىَ
(There is peace) "It is security in which Shaytan cannot do any evil or any harm." Qatadah and others have said, "The matters are determined during it, and the times of death and provisions are measured out (i.e., decided) during it." Allah says,
فِيهَا يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ
(Therein is decreed every matter of decree.) (44:4) Then Allah says,
سَلَـمٌ هِىَ حَتَّى مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ
(There is peace until the appearance of dawn.) Sa`id bin Mansur said, "Hushaym narrated to us on the authority of Abu Ishaq, who narrated that Ash-Sha`bi said concerning Allah's statement,
تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ
- سَلَـمٌ هِىَ حَتَّى مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ
(With every matter, there is a peace until the appearance of dawn.) `The angels giving the greetings of peace during the Night of Al-Qadr to the people in the Masjids until the coming of Fajr (dawn)."' Qatadah and Ibn Zayd both said concerning Allah's statement,
سَلَـمٌ هِىَ
(There is peace.) "This means all of it is good and there is no evil in it until the coming of Fajr (dawn)."
Specifying the Night of Decree and its Signs
This is supported by what Imam Ahmad recorded from `Ubadah bin As-Samit that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْبَوَاقِي، مَنْ قَامَهُنَّ ابْتِغَاءَ حِسْبَتِهِنَّ فَإِنَّ اللهَ يَغْفِرُ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ، وَهِيَ لَيْلَةُ وِتْرٍ: تِسْعٍ أَوْ سَبْعٍ أَوْ خَامِسَةٍ أَوْ ثَالِثَةٍ أَوْ آخِرِ لَيْلَة»
(The Night of Al-Qadr occurs during the last ten (nights). Whoever stands for them (in prayer) seeking their reward, then indeed Allah will forgive his previous sins and his latter sins. It is an odd night: the ninth, or the seventh, or the fifth, or the third or the last night (of Ramadan).) The Messenger of Allah ﷺ also said,
«إِنَّ أَمَارَةَ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ أَنَّهَا صَافِيَةٌ بَلْجَةٌ، كَأَنَّ فِيهَا قَمَرًا سَاطِعًا، سَاكِنَةٌ سَاجِيَةٌ، لَا بَرْدَ فِيهَا وَلَا حَرَّ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِكَوْكَبٍ يُرْمَى بِهِ فِيهَا حَتْى يُصْبِحَ، وَإِنَّ أَمَارَتَهَا أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ صَبِيحَتَهَا تَخْرُجُ مُسْتَوِيَةً لَيْسَ لَهَا شُعَاعٌ، مِثْلَ الْقَمَرِ لَيْلَةَ الْبَدْرِ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِلشَّيْطَانِ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مَعَهَا يَوْمَئِذ»
(Verily, the sign of the Night of Al-Qadr is that it is pure and glowing as if there were a bright, tranquil, calm moon during it. It is not cold, nor is it hot, and no shooting star is permitted until morning. Its sign is that the sun appears on the morning following it smooth having no rays on it, just like the moon on a full moon night. Shaytan is not allowed to come out with it (the sun) on that day.) This chain of narration is good. In its text there is some oddities and in some of its wordings there are things that are objectionable. Abu Dawud mentioned a section in his Sunan that he titled, "Chapter: Clarification that the Night of Al-Qadr occurs during every Ramadan." Then he recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about the Night of Al-Qadr while I was listening and he said,
«هِيَ فِي كُلِّ رَمَضَان»
(It occurs during every Ramadan.)" The men of this chain of narration are all reliable, but Abu Dawud said that Shu`bah and Sufyan both narrated it from Ishaq and they both considered it to be a statement of the Companion (Ibn `Umar, and thus not the statement of the Prophet ). It has been reported that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed I`tikaf during the first ten nights of Ramadan and we performed I`tikaf with him. Then Jibril came to him and said, `That which you are seeking is in front of you.' So the Prophet performed I`tikaf during the middle ten days of Ramadan and we also performed I`tikaf with him. Then Jibril came to him and said; `That which you are seeking is ahead of you.' So the Prophet stood up and gave a sermon on the morning of the twentieth of Ramadan and he said,
«مَنْ كَانَ اعْتَكَفَ مَعِيَ فَلْيَرْجِعْ فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ، وَإِنِّي أُنْسِيتُهَا، وَإِنَّهَا فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ فِي وِتْرٍ، وَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ كَأَنِّي أَسْجُدُ فِي طِينٍ وَمَاء»
(Whoever performed I`tikaf with me, let him come back (for I`tikaf again), for verily I saw the Night of Al-Qadr, and I was caused to forget it, and indeed it is during the last ten (nights). It is during an odd night and I saw myself as if I were prostrating in mud and water.) The roof of the Masjid was made of dried palm-tree leaves and we did not see anything (i.e., clouds) in the sky. But then a patch of wind-driven clouds came and it rained. So the Prophet lead us in prayer until we saw the traces of mud and water on the forehead of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, which confirmed his dream." In one narration it adds that this occurred on the morning of the twenty-first night (meaning the next morning). They both (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded it in the Two Sahihs. Ash-Shafi`i said, "This Hadith is the most authentic of what has been reported." It has also been said that it is on the twenty-third night due to a Hadith narrated from `Abdullah bin Unays in Sahih Muslim. It has also been said that it is on the twenty-fifth night due to what Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn `Abbas that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«الْتَمِسُوهَا فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فِي تَاسِعَةٍ تَبْقَى، فِي سَابِعَةٍ تَبْقَى، فِي خَامِسَةٍ تَبْقَى»
(Seek it in the last ten (nights) of Ramadan. In the ninth it still remains, in the seventh it still remains, in the fifth it still remains.) Many have explained this Hadith to refer to the odd nights, and this is the most apparent and most popular explanation. It has also been said that it occurs on the twenty-seventh night because of what Muslim recorded in his Sahih from Ubay bin Ka`b that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned that it was on the twenty-seventh night. Imam Ahmad recorded from Zirr that he asked Ubayy bin Ka`b, "O Abu Al-Mundhir! Verily, your brother Ibn Mas`ud says whoever stands for prayer (at night) the entire year, will catch the Night of Al-Qadr." He (Ubayy) said, "May Allah have mercy upon him. Indeed he knows that it is during the month of Ramadan and that it is the twenty-seventh night." Then he swore by Allah. Zirr then said, "How do you know that" Ubayy replied, "By a sign or an indication that he (the Prophet ) informed us of. It rises that next day having no rays on it -- meaning the sun." Muslim has also recorded it. It has been said that it is the night of the twenty-ninth. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded from `Ubadah bin As-Samit that he asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the Night of Decree and he replied,
«فِي رَمَضَانَ فَالْتَمِسُوهَا فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ، فَإِنَّهَا فِي وِتْرٍ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ، أَوْ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، أَوْ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، أَوْ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، أَوْ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، أَوْ فِي آخِرِ لَيْلَة»
(Seek it in Ramadan in the last ten nights. For verily, it is during the odd nights, the twenty-first, or the twenty-third, or the twenty-fifth, or the twenty-seventh, or the twenty-ninth, or during the last night.) Imam Ahmad also recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said about the Night of Al-Qadr,
«إِنَّهَا لَيْلَةُ سَابِعَةٍ أَوْ تَاسِعَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَإِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ عَدَدِ الْحَصَى»
(Verily, it is during the twenty-seventh or the twenty-ninth night. And verily, the angels who are on the earth during that night are more numerous than the number of pebbles.) Ahmad was alone in recording this Hadith and there is nothing wrong with its chain of narration. At-Tirmidhi recorded from Abu Qilabah that he said, "The Night of Al-Qadr moves around (i.e., from year to year) throughout the last ten nights." This view that At-Tirmidhi mentions from Abu Qilabah has also been recorded by Malik, Ath-Thawri, Ahmad bin Hanbal, Ishaq bin Rahuyah, Abu Thawr, Al-Muzani, Abu Bakr bin Khuzaymah and others. It has also been related from Ash-Shafi`i, and Al-Qadi reported it from him, and this is most likely. And Allah knows best.
Supplication during the Night of Decree
It is recommended to supplicate often during all times, especially during the month of Ramadan, in the last ten nights, and during the odd nights of it even more so. It is recommended that one say the following supplication a lot: "O Allah! Verily, You are the Of the Pardoning, You love to pardon, so pardon me." This is due to what Imam Ahmad recorded from `A'ishah, that she said, "O Messenger of Allah! If I find the Night of Al-Qadr what should I say" He replied,
«قُولِي: اللْهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفُوٌّ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ فَاعْفُ عَنِّي»
(Say: "O Allah! Verily, You are the Of the Pardoning, You love to pardon, so pardon me.") At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah have all recorded this Hadith. At-Tirmidhi said, "This Hadith is Hasan Sahih." Al-Hakim recorded it in his Mustadrak (with a different chain of narration) and he said that it is authentic according to the criteria of the two Shaykhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim). An-Nasa'i also recorded it. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Laylat Al-Qadr, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.
Sesungguhnya Kami menurunkan Al-Qur`ān sekaligus ke langit dunia, lalu kami mulai menurunkannya kepada Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- pada malam Lailatulqadar di bulan Ramadan.
Biz Kur'an'ı, Ramazan ayının Kadir Gecesi'nde Peygamber -sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem-'e indirmeye başladığımız gibi, bir bütün olarak Dünya semasına indirdik.
Tunay na Kami ay nagpababa ng Qur'ān nang isang buo tungo sa langit na pinakamalapit gaya ng pagpapasimula Namin sa pagpapababa nito sa Propeta – ang basbas at ang pagbati ng kapayapaan ay sumakanya – sa Gabi ng Pagtatakda ng buwan ng Ramaḍān.
Nakababatid ka kaya, O Propeta, kung ano ang nasa gabing ito na kabutihan at pagpapala?
Tahukah kamu -wahai Nabi- kebaikan dan berkah yang ada di dalam malam ini?
A particular night of the year (perhaps some night in the last days of the month of Ramadan) is the night of decisions by God. Certain tasks have to be performed in the course of the year in connection with the administration of the world, and the angels descend to the earth to arrange for them to be carried out. On a similar particular night, the revelation of the Quran began.
Ô Prophète, connais-tu le bien et la bénédiction qu’il y a dans cette nuit?
Này Nabi, Ngươi biết đêm định mệnh thiêng liêng này có hồng phúc thế nào không?
Sei consapevole, o Profeta, del bene e della benedizione contenuti in questa notte?!
¡Profeta! ¿Sabes qué bondad y bendiciones hay en esta noche?
a šta ti misliš, o Poslaniče, i da li znaš koliko samo dobra i berićeta ima u noći Kadr?
O Prophet! Do you know what goodness and blessings lie in this night?
-Ey Peygamber!- Bu gecede bulunan hayır ve bereketi biliyor musun?
This night is a night of great goodness; it is better than a thousand months for the one who stands in prayer during it, whilst having faith and hoping for reward.
Ang gabing ito ay isang gabing dakila ang kabutihan sapagkat ito ay higit na mabuti kaysa sa isang libong buwan para sa sinumang nagdasal sa [sa gabing] ito dala ng pananampalataya at dala ng pag-asang gagantimpalaan.
Đêm định mệnh này là đêm có hồng phúc tốt hơn một ngàn tháng dành cho ai đứng Salah bằng đức tin và lòng kỳ vọng.
Ova noć u sebi nosi veliko dobro, ona je bolja od hiljadu mjeseci onome ko je provede u ibadetu, vjerujući i nadajući se nagradi od Allaha.
Bu gece, büyük hayırlara sahip bir gecedir. İman edip sevabını ümit ederek o geceyi ihya eden kimse için bin aydan daha hayırlıdır.
Malam ini adalah malam yang penuh dengan kebaikan yang agung, ia lebih baik dari seribu bulan bagi orang yang menjalankan salat malam di dalamnya dengan penuh keimanan dan mengharap pahala.
Cette nuit contient un bien immense puisqu’elle est meilleure que mille mois, pour ceux qui la veillent en accomplissant des adorations qu’ils mettent en dépôt auprès d’Allah.
Esta noche es una noche de gran bondad; adorar a Al-lah durante ella es mejor que hacerlo durante mil meses, si se tiene fe y se anhela su recompensa.
Questa notte è la notte del bene immenso, migliore di mille mesi per colui che veglia, durante questa notte, per fede e nella speranza che venga accettata.
Descent of the Angels and the Spirit with Divine Decrees
Verse [ 4] نَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ (The angels and the Spirit descend in it, with the leave of their Lord, along with every command.) 'Spirit' here refers to Jibra'il (علیہ السلام) .
Sayyidna Anas ؓ narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When the Night of Qadr occurs, Jibra'il (علیہ السلام) descends on the earth with a huge throng of angels and all of them pray for every servant of Allah, man or woman, busy in salah or dhikr, to be blessed by Allah." [ Mazhari ]. In the phrase مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ (along with every command), the preposition min is used in the sense of 'with' as in [ 13:11] يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّـهِ. The verse under comment means the angels bring down, during the Night of Qadr, the decree for everything destined to occur in the coming year. Some of the commentators, like Mujahid and others, say that the phrase مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍmin kulli amrin is syntactically related to salam, and the word Amr means 'everything'. Thus they interpret the statement to mean: 'The night is a security from every evil, harm and calamity.' [ Ibn Kathir ].
O gece, melekler ve Cebrail -aleyhisselam- Rableri Allah -Subhanehu ve Teâlâ-'nın izniyle, o sene için Allah’ın takdir ettiği, rızık, ölüm, doğum veya bunların dışındaki her iş için inerler.
Para malaikat dan Malaikat Jibril -'alaihissalām- turun pada malam itu dengan izin dari Tuhan mereka -Subḥānahu wa Ta'ālā- dengan membawa perkara yang telah ditakdirkan oleh Allah untuk tahun itu, baik berupa rezeki, kematian, kelahiran, dan berbagai hal lain yang telah ditakdirkan oleh Allah.
U toj noći silaze meleki i Džibril, alejhi selam, s dozvolom Gospodara njihova, provodeći Allahove odredbe za tu godinu, bilo da se radi o opskrbi, smrti, rođenju i svega ostalog što Allah određuje.
Les anges et Gabriel descendent durant cette nuit avec la permission de leur Seigneur et transmetttent tout décret qu’Allah émet pour l’année: subsistance, décès, naissance ou autre.
Gli angeli scendono e così scende Jibrīl pace a lui, in questa notte, per ordine del loro Dio, gloria Sua, portando ogni ordine che Allāh ha decretato in quell'anno, sia riguardo il sostentamento, la morte, la nascita o qualche altro decreto di Allāh.
Los ángeles y Gabriel u descienden durante esta noche con el permiso de su Señor, trayendo cada asunto que Al-lah ha ordenado que suceda ese año, ya sea sustento, nacimientos, decesos y otros asuntos del decreto.
Vào đêm định mệnh, sẽ có nhiều Thiên Thần và cả Đại Thiên Thần Jibril đi xuống, mang theo Quyết định của Allah về mọi điều cho năm đó như bổng lộc hoặc chết chóc, hoặc sinh nở, hoặc các tiền định khác theo chỉ dụ của Allah.
This refers to the Angel Gabriel.
Nagbababaan ang mga Anghel at bumababa si Anghel Gabriel – sumakanya ang pagbati ng kapayapaan – rito ayon sa pahintulot ng Panginoon Nila – kaluwalhatian sa Kanya – kalakip ng bawat utos na itinadhana ni Allāh sa taon na iyon, maging ito man ay panustos o kamatayan o pagkapanganak o iba pa roon kabilang sa itinatakda ni Allāh.
The angels and Gabriel (peace be upon him) descend during it with the permission of their Lord (may He be glorified), bringing every matter Allah has decreed to happen that year, whether it be sustenance, deaths, births or anything else He has decreed.
Toda esta noche bendita contiene bondad, desde el principio hasta el final, cuando llega la aurora.
Nguyên đêm hồng phúc đó chỉ toàn là sự bằng an, không có một điều xấu nào xảy đến, nó kéo dài cho tới hừng đông.
This whole blessed night contains goodness, right from its beginning until its end, with the breaking of dawn.
Questa notte benedetta è interamente benefica, dall'inizio alla fine, ovvero fino all'alba.
Bu mübarek gece, başlangıcından fecrin doğuşuyla gelen sonuna kadar bütünüyle hayırlıdır.
Ang biniyayaang gabing ito ay kabutihan sa kabuuan nito mula sa pagsisumula nito hanggang sa wakas nito sa paglitaw ng madaling-araw.
Malam yang penuh berkah ini seluruhnya penuh kebaikan semenjak permulaannya hingga habisnya dengan terbitnya fajar.
U ovoj blagoslovljenoj noći je svako dobro, od njenog početka pa sve do pojave zore.
It seems that on that night there is an abundance of angels on the earth. Those who are spiritually aroused are influenced by this atmosphere and, as a result, they become imbued with a spirituality which enhances the value of their religious deeds at that time as compared to such deeds as are performed in ordinary circumstances. For this reason, as the month draws towards the last ten days, the worshippers give more time to prayers, give more in charity and read as much as possible from the Quran, beseeching their Lord for His mercy and forgiveness. When the Prophet was asked by his wife, ‘A’ishah, what one’s prayer should be if one finds the Night of Destiny, Lailatul Qadr, he taught her this simple prayer: Allahumma innaka afuwwun, tuhibbul afuwa, fa afuanni. O Allah, You are forgiving, You love forgiveness, so forgive me.
Verse [ 5] سَلَامٌ (Peace it is till the rising of dawn.) The word Salam [ peace ] stands for a complete sentence meaning 'it is all peace, equanimity and complete goodness, having no evil in it.' [ Qurtubi ]. Some scholars treat the word Salamun as a sentence qualifying مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ min kulli amrin, meaning 'the angels come with every such matter which is good and peace'. [ Mazhari ].
هِيَ حَتَّىٰ مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ The concluding expression of the verse means the blessings of the Night of Qadr are not restricted to any particular part of the night. They start descending at the fall of night and continue till the break of dawn.
Special Note
According to the verse 'The Night of Power is better than a thousand months' which equals eighty-three years and four months. Obviously, each year will contain a laylatul Qadr which will be better than a thousand months. As a result, the Night of Qadr will recur ad infinitum, that is, repeat or continue without an end. For this reason, some of the commentators say the expression 'more than a thousand months' does not include nights of Qadr. Thus this should not pose any problem. [ Ibn Kathir on the authority of Mujahid ].
On account of geographical positions, the time will vary from place to place. As a result, the Night of Qadr will not occur in all the regions of the world simultaneously. This is not a problem because people of each location should calculate and consecrate the night and receive its blessings according to their geographical position. Allah, the Pure and Exalted, knows best.
Ruling
If anyone performs the ` Isha' and Fajr salahs in congregation, he will receive the blessings and reward of the Night of Qadr. The more one performs acts of worship in this night, the more he shall receive its blessings. It is recorded in Sahih of Muslim that Sayyidna ` Uthman ؓ narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "If a person performs his ` Isha' salah in congregation, he will attain the blessings of spending half the night in devotion; and if he performs Fajr salah in congregation, he will attain the blessings of spending the entire night in devotion."
Al-Hamdulillah
The Commentary on
Surah Al-Qadr
Ends here
Cette nuit est toute bénie depuis son commencement jusqu’à sa fin à l’aube.
